Incidents: secrets and espionage laws, national level, outcome sustained
Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.
The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.
3 incidents match this view.
Country: United States, RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180 Zimbabwe, RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180
Continent: Africa North America
Tactic: Secrets and espionage laws (3) Insult and defamation laws (1) Surveillance and subpoenas (1) Prior restraint (1)
Stage: Pressure (1) Punish (2)
Outcome: Sustained (3)
Level: National (3)
Head of government: Barack Obama Emmerson Mnangagwa Franklin D. Roosevelt
| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 14, 2023 | Zimbabwe's Patriotic Act criminalizes journalists' contact with foreign governments | Zimbabwe (RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180) | Secrets and espionage laws | Emmerson Mnangagwa | Sustained (July 14, 2023) |
| May 20, 2013 | United States search warrant names Fox News reporter James Rosen a possible co-conspirator in a leak case | United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180) | Surveillance and subpoenas | Barack Obama | Sustained (July 12, 2013) |
| December 19, 1941 | United States creates an Office of Censorship and a wartime code for the press | United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180) | Prior restraint | Franklin D. Roosevelt | Sustained (September 28, 1945) |
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