The War On News

A record of government actions against journalism and fact-based reporting, from the first press laws to today

Search in Africa, national level

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

All filters: country, dates, head of government, sort
CountryEgypt, RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180EritreaEthiopia, RSF 2026 rank: 148th of 180MoroccoNigeria, RSF 2026 rank: 112th of 180South Africa, RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180Tanzania, RSF 2026 rank: 117th of 180Tunisia, RSF 2026 rank: 137th of 180Zimbabwe, RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180
ContinentAfrica
TacticDetention and violence 7Licensing and closure of outlets 7Secrets and espionage laws 3Access bans 2Shutdowns and blocking 2Insult and defamation laws 2Prior restraint 2Funding and ownership pressure 2Expulsion and visa denial 1Surveillance and subpoenas 1Official labels 1Credential control 1
StagePressure 4Punish 7Silence 6Eliminate 2
OutcomeReversed 6Unknown 4Ongoing 4Sustained 4Upheld by a court 1
LevelNational 19
Head of governmentAbdel Fattah el-SisiAbiy AhmedAdly MansourBalthazar Johannes VorsterDaniel François MalanEmmerson MnangagwaGamal Abdel NasserIsaias AfwerkiJohn MagufuliKais SaiedP. W. BothaRobert MugabeSaadeddine OthmaniSamia Suluhu HassanSani Abacha

19 incidents match this view.

TableCardsCSVJSONMarkdown
DateIncidentCountryTacticHead of governmentOutcome
29 October 2025Tanzania shuts down internet access on election day amid unrestTanzania (RSF 2026 rank: 117th of 180)Shutdowns and blockingSamia Suluhu HassanUnknown
3 September 2025Ethiopia arrests at least six journalists including Sheger FM staff over election-year coverageEthiopia (RSF 2026 rank: 148th of 180)Detention and violenceAbiy AhmedOngoing (22 September 2025)
16 January 2025Tunisia's cybercrime decree pushes jailed-journalist count to highest since 1992Tunisia (RSF 2026 rank: 137th of 180)Insult and defamation lawsKais SaiedSustained
14 July 2023Zimbabwe's Patriotic Act criminalizes journalists' contact with foreign governmentsZimbabwe (RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180)Secrets and espionage lawsEmmerson MnangagwaSustained (14 July 2023)
13 May 2022Ethiopia: Economist correspondent Tom Gardner expelledEthiopia (RSF 2026 rank: 148th of 180)Expulsion and visa denialAbiy AhmedSustained (13 May 2022)
5 July 2020Morocco: investigative journalist Omar Radi's phone is infected with Pegasus spyware and he is later detainedMorocco (RSF rank: not recorded)Surveillance and subpoenasSaadeddine OthmaniReversed (1 July 2024)
22 March 2019Egypt: media law used to fine and block news site al-MashhadEgypt (RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180)Official labelsAbdel Fattah el-SisiUnknown (7 May 2019)
October 2018Egypt: a license requirement leaves an independent news site unable to operate legally for yearsEgypt (RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180)Prior restraintAbdel Fattah el-SisiOngoing (26 October 2020)
16 March 2018Tanzania requires bloggers and online publishers to register and pay an annual government feeTanzania (RSF 2026 rank: 117th of 180)Licensing and closure of outletsJohn MagufuliUnknown (12 April 2018)
29 December 2013Egypt arrests and later convicts three Al Jazeera journalists on terrorism-related chargesEgypt (RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180)Detention and violenceAdly MansourReversed (23 September 2015)
12 May 2005Zimbabwe: the High Court refuses to accredit Daily News journalists under the media registration lawZimbabwe (RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180)Credential controlRobert MugabeUpheld by a court (12 May 2005)
12 September 2003Zimbabwe: police close the Daily News under the media registration lawZimbabwe (RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180)Licensing and closure of outletsRobert MugabeReversed (27 May 2010)
15 March 2002Zimbabwe enacts a law requiring all journalists and media houses to hold government licensesZimbabwe (RSF 2026 rank: 124th of 180)Licensing and closure of outletsRobert MugabeUnknown
18 September 2001Eritrea: independent press closed and journalists jailed without trialEritrea (RSF rank: not recorded)Detention and violenceIsaias AfwerkiOngoing
July 1995Nigeria's military government convicts journalists by special tribunal over coup-plot reportingNigeria (RSF 2026 rank: 112th of 180)Detention and violenceSani AbachaReversed (15 June 1998)
2 November 1985South Africa bans television and photographic coverage of unrest under a state of emergencySouth Africa (RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180)Shutdowns and blockingP. W. BothaReversed (1 June 1990)
19 October 1977South Africa bans The World and Weekend World newspapers and detains editor Percy QobozaSouth Africa (RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180)Licensing and closure of outletsBalthazar Johannes VorsterSustained (1 March 1978)
24 May 1960Egypt's Nasser government nationalizes every newspaper and magazine in the countryEgypt (RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180)Funding and ownership pressureGamal Abdel NasserOngoing (1 January 1989)
17 July 1950South Africa's Suppression of Communism Act lets the government ban publications and restrict individualsSouth Africa (RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180)Prior restraintDaniel François MalanReversed (31 July 1991)
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