Search in Europe, 1900 to 1949
The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.
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CountryGermany, RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180Portugal, RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180Russia, RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180Spain, RSF 2026 rank: 29th of 180
ContinentEurope
TacticPrior restraint 3Credential control 2Licensing and closure of outlets 2Insult and defamation laws 1
StageSilence 4
LevelNational 4
| Date | Incident | Country | Tactic | Head of government | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 1938 | Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law | Spain (RSF 2026 rank: 29th of 180) | Credential control | Francisco Franco | Reversed (1 April 1977) |
| 4 October 1933 | Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists from the press and puts editors under state direction | Germany (RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180) | Credential control | Adolf Hitler | Reversed (8 May 1945) |
| 1933 | Portugal's Salazar government formally establishes press controls under a new constitution | Portugal (RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180) | Prior restraint | António de Oliveira Salazar | Reversed (25 April 1974) |
| 1922 | Soviet Russia creates Glavlit, a central office to review all printed material before publication | Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180) | Prior restraint | Vladimir Lenin | Ongoing (1 January 1989) |