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India: one-year prison sentence for the journalist Ravi Nair in a criminal defamation case, February 2026
On February 10, 2026, a court in India sentenced the investigative journalist Ravi Nair to one year in prison and a fine of 5,000 rupees (about US$55) for criminal defamation, an offence under which a statement that damages someone's reput…
Insult and defamation laws · Stage Punish · Head of government Narendra Modi · Unknown
Tanzania shuts down internet access on election day amid unrest
Tanzania's government restricted internet and social-media access on October 29, 2025, as citizens voted in a general election marked by protests, cutting national internet traffic by nearly 90 percent and leaving both local and foreign jo…
Shutdowns and blocking · Stage Silence · Head of government Samia Suluhu Hassan · Unknown
Officer shoots Australian journalist with rubber bullet during Los Angeles immigration protests
A law enforcement officer shot Nine News Australia correspondent Lauren Tomasi with a rubber bullet while she was reporting live from a Los Angeles protest against federal immigration raids, prompting Australia's prime minister to call the…
Detention and violence · Stage Punish · Head of government Karen Bass · Unknown
United States: Executive Order 14290 directing an end to federal funding for NPR and PBS, May 2025
On May 1, 2025, the president of the United States, Donald Trump, signed Executive Order 14290, "Ending Taxpayer Subsidization of Biased Media." It directs the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), a private non-profit corporation cre…
Funding and ownership pressure · Stage Pressure · Head of government Donald Trump · Unknown
Türkiye: detention, injury and deportation of journalists covering protests, March 2025
After the detention of the mayor of Istanbul, Ekrem İmamoğlu, on March 19, 2025, protests spread in Türkiye, and between March 19 and March 28, 2025, the authorities detained at least 13 journalists, according to the Committee to Protect J…
Detention and violence · Stage Punish · Head of government Recep Tayyip Erdoğan · Unknown
Border czar Tom Homan says ICE media ride-alongs may end over leaks
White House border czar Tom Homan said the administration might stop letting journalists ride along on Immigration and Customs Enforcement operations after an Aurora, Colorado raid captured far fewer people than expected, which officials a…
Access bans · Stage Restrict · Head of government Donald Trump · Unknown
India: Gaon Savera's Facebook and X accounts blocked
India blocked independent news outlet Gaon Savera's Facebook page and X account nationwide just before a workers' convention it planned to cover, without a public explanation from the government.
Shutdowns and blocking · Stage Silence · Head of government Narendra Modi · Unknown
Indian tax authorities search BBC offices weeks after Modi documentary ban
India's Income Tax Department searched BBC offices in Delhi and Mumbai for alleged tax evasion, three weeks after the government used emergency powers to block a BBC documentary examining Prime Minister Narendra Modi's response to 2002 com…
Surveillance and subpoenas · Stage Pressure · Head of government Narendra Modi · Unknown
FBI raids Project Veritas founder's home over Ashley Biden diary investigation
FBI agents raided Project Veritas founder James O'Keefe's New York home and seized his phones as part of an investigation into the alleged theft of a diary belonging to Ashley Biden, President Biden's daughter, which the group had reported…
Surveillance and subpoenas · Stage Punish · Head of government Joe Biden · Unknown
Political appointees alter CDC coronavirus guidance before public release
Reporting in 2020 found that political appointees at the Department of Health and Human Services rewrote or edited the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's public coronavirus guidance and its weekly scientific bulletin before relea…
Prior restraint · Stage Restrict · Head of government Donald Trump · Unknown
Hungary criminalizes false coronavirus information and grants Orban decree powers
Hungary's parliament passed an emergency coronavirus law allowing prison terms of up to five years for spreading information the government deemed false or distorted about the pandemic, and let Prime Minister Viktor Orban rule by decree fo…
Insult and defamation laws · Stage Punish · Head of government Viktor Orban · Unknown
Egypt: media law used to fine and block news site al-Mashhad
Under a 2018 law that treats any social media account with more than 5,000 followers as a media outlet, Egypt's media regulator fined news site al-Mashhad and ordered internet providers to block it for spreading what it called false news.
Official labels · Stage Pressure · Head of government Abdel Fattah el-Sisi · Unknown
Saudi Arabia's government kills journalist Jamal Khashoggi inside its Istanbul consulate
Jamal Khashoggi, a Washington Post columnist and critic of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, was killed by Saudi agents inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul; the CIA concluded the crown prince ordered the killing, which Saudi Arabi…
Detention and violence · Stage Eliminate · Head of government Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Unknown
Saudi Arabia: spyware on an associate's phone precedes Jamal Khashoggi's killing by one day
Citizen Lab found Pegasus spyware on the phone of Saudi dissident Omar Abdulaziz, a close associate and collaborator of journalist Jamal Khashoggi, one day before Saudi operatives killed Khashoggi inside the country's Istanbul consulate.
Surveillance and subpoenas · Stage Punish · Head of government Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud · Unknown
Tanzania requires bloggers and online publishers to register and pay an annual government fee
Tanzania's government, under President John Magufuli, issued regulations requiring anyone running a blog or website with user content to register with the telecoms regulator and pay an annual fee reported at roughly $930, with vaguely word…
Licensing and closure of outlets · Stage Pressure · Head of government John Magufuli · Unknown
Philippines: a Rappler reporter is barred from the presidential palace
President Rodrigo Duterte ordered Rappler reporter Pia Ranada and the outlet's CEO barred from Malacanang Palace, the seat of the Philippine presidency, after the government revoked Rappler's operating license.
Access bans · Stage Pressure · Head of government Rodrigo Duterte · Unknown
Mexico: journalist Carmen Aristegui receives Pegasus spyware through phishing texts
Citizen Lab, R3D and Article 19 documented Pegasus spyware sent to Mexican investigative journalists Carmen Aristegui and Carlos Loret de Mola through phishing text messages, which the Mexican government denied having sent.
Surveillance and subpoenas · Stage Punish · Head of government Enrique Pena Nieto · Unknown
Malta: minister orders reporter's bank account frozen
A month after journalist Daphne Caruana Galizia published reporting on members of Malta's government, the economy minister had her bank account frozen, one of dozens of legal actions she faced before she was killed in a car bombing in Octo…
Lawsuits against the press · Stage Pressure · Head of government Joseph Muscat · Unknown
United States: Espionage Act prosecutions of sources for leaks to the press, 2009 to 2013
A report by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), a non-profit organization in New York that documents cases of journalists imprisoned or killed worldwide, published on October 10, 2013, found that since 2009 the United States Depart…
Secrets and espionage laws · Stage Punish · Head of government Barack Obama · Unknown
Israel: a court bars any mention of the 'Prisoner X' case
An Israeli judge ordered Israeli media barred from any mention of a prisoner held under a false identity, or of the order itself, applying a system under which security-related stories must be reviewed and cleared by the military before pu…
Prior restraint · Stage Silence · Head of government Benjamin Netanyahu · Unknown
Iran expels a BBC correspondent and restricts foreign journalists after a disputed 2009 election
After Iran's disputed June 2009 presidential election produced mass protests, the government expelled BBC correspondent Jon Leyne, revoked foreign press credentials, confined most foreign journalists to office-based reporting, and blocked…
Expulsion and visa denial · Stage Punish · Head of government Mahmoud Ahmadinejad · Unknown
Zimbabwe enacts a law requiring all journalists and media houses to hold government licenses
Zimbabwe's parliament passed the Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act (AIPPA), requiring every journalist and media company to obtain a government license renewed every two years, weeks before a closely contested 2002 presid…
Licensing and closure of outlets · Stage Pressure · Head of government Robert Mugabe · Unknown
Malaysia pressures domestic media and monitors foreign correspondents after arresting former deputy premier Anwar Ibrahim
After Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's government arrested former deputy prime minister Anwar Ibrahim in September 1998, party-linked newspapers pressured staff to follow the official line, police visited journalists who interviewed his w…
Surveillance and subpoenas · Stage Pressure · Head of government Mahathir Mohamad · Unknown
United States: Nixon White House "enemies list" naming journalists, September 1971
On September 9, 1971, the office of Charles Colson, special counsel to the president of the United States, Richard Nixon, sent White House Counsel John Dean, the president's lawyer on official matters, a memorandum naming 20 people as an i…
Surveillance and subpoenas · Stage Pressure · Head of government Richard Nixon · Unknown