The record

Incidents in Europe, stage: silence

Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

All filters: country, dates, head of government, sort

14 incidents match this view.

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Date	Incident	Country	Tactic	Head of government	Outcome
5 September 2022	Russia: a Moscow court suspends Novaya Gazeta's print license	Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180)	Licensing and closure of outlets	Vladimir Putin	Sustained (5 September 2022)
4 March 2022	Russia: regulator blocks BBC Russian, Deutsche Welle and other outlets	Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180)	Shutdowns and blocking	Vladimir Putin	Sustained (4 March 2022)
18 May 2021	Belarus blocks Tut.by and arrests its editors as 'extremist'	Belarus (RSF 2026 rank: 165th of 180)	Shutdowns and blocking	Alexander Lukashenko	Sustained
April 2021	Poland: state oil company Orlen buys the Polska Press newspaper group	Poland (RSF 2026 rank: 27th of 180)	Funding and ownership pressure	Mateusz Morawiecki	Sustained (1 April 2021)
14 February 2021	Hungary: Klubradio loses its terrestrial broadcast license over its tender application	Hungary (RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180)	Licensing and closure of outlets	Viktor Orban	Upheld by a court (1 September 2021)
29 November 2018	Hungary: formation of the KESMA pro-government media foundation	Hungary (RSF 2026 rank: 74th of 180)	Funding and ownership pressure	Viktor Orban	Sustained (29 November 2018)
14 April 2001	State-controlled Gazprom takes formal control of Russia's independent NTV television network	Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180)	Funding and ownership pressure	Vladimir Putin	Sustained (14 April 2001)
October 1988	United Kingdom bars broadcasters from airing Sinn Féin members' own voices	United Kingdom (RSF 2026 rank: 18th of 180)	Licensing and closure of outlets	Margaret Thatcher	Reversed (16 September 1994)
13 December 1981	Poland's martial law government shuts nearly all newspapers and interns journalists overnight	Poland (RSF 2026 rank: 27th of 180)	Shutdowns and blocking	Wojciech Jaruzelski	Reversed (22 July 1983)
21 August 1968	Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia is followed by the return of government press controls	Czechia (RSF 2026 rank: 11th of 180)	Prior restraint	Alexander Dubček	Reversed (1 November 1989)
April 1938	Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law	Spain (RSF 2026 rank: 29th of 180)	Credential control	Francisco Franco	Reversed (1 April 1977)
4 October 1933	Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists from the press and puts editors under state direction	Germany (RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180)	Credential control	Adolf Hitler	Reversed (8 May 1945)
1933	Portugal's Salazar government formally establishes press controls under a new constitution	Portugal (RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180)	Prior restraint	António de Oliveira Salazar	Reversed (25 April 1974)
1922	Soviet Russia creates Glavlit, a central office to review all printed material before publication	Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180)	Prior restraint	Vladimir Lenin	Ongoing (1 January 1989)

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