Incidents: secrets and espionage laws, stage: eliminate

Each incident is a dated action by a government, an official, a regulator, a court or a legislature that limited journalists' ability to gather or publish news.

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

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CountryAnyArgentinaAustraliaAzerbaijanBangladeshBelarusBrazilCambodiaCanadaChileChinaCzechiaEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEritreaEthiopiaGeorgiaGermanyGuatemalaHaitiHong KongHungaryIndiaIranIsraelKazakhstanMalaysiaMaltaMexicoMoroccoMyanmarNicaraguaNigeriaNorth KoreaPakistanPhilippinesPolandPortugalRussiaSaudi ArabiaSerbiaSlovakiaSouth AfricaSouth KoreaSpainTanzaniaThailandTunisiaTürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited StatesVenezuelaViet NamZimbabwe

ContinentAnyAfricaAsiaEuropeNorth AmericaSouth AmericaOceania

TacticAnyAccess bans (29)Credential control (13)Licensing and closure of outlets (27)Prior restraint (24)Secrets and espionage laws (22)Insult and defamation laws (14)Surveillance and subpoenas (24)Funding and ownership pressure (29)Expulsion and visa denial (14)Shutdowns and blocking (19)Detention and violence (41)Lawsuits against the press (10)Official labels (12)

StageAnyRestrict (20)Pressure (41)Punish (60)Silence (47)Eliminate (22)

Level of governmentAnyNational (177)State or province (9)Municipal (4)Supranational

OutcomeAnyReversed (51)Upheld by a court (11)Sustained (65)Ongoing (39)Unknown (24)

Head of governmentAnyAbdel Fattah el-SisiAbiy AhmedAdly MansourAdolf HitlerAlejandro GiammatteiAleksandar VucicAlexander DubčekAlexander LukashenkoAntónio de Oliveira SalazarAugusto PinochetAung San Suu KyiBarack ObamaBeata SzydloBenjamin NetanyahuCarrie LamChun Doo-hwanDaniel François MalanDaniel OrtegaDavid Ben-GurionDavid CameronDonald TrumpDoug DuceyDwight D. EisenhowerEbrahim RaisiEmmerson MnangagwaEnrique Pena NietoFerdinand MarcosFrancisco FrancoFranklin D. RooseveltGamal Abdel NasserGeorge H. W. BushGeorge W. BushGetúlio VargasHassan RouhaniHugo ChavezHun SenIlham AliyevIndira GandhiIrakli KobakhidzeIsaias AfwerkiJacob FreyJavier MileiJean-Claude DuvalierJeff LandryJoe BidenJohn CurtinJohn HorganJohn LeeJohn MagufuliJorge Rafael VidelaJoseph MuscatKais SaiedKaren BassKassym-Jomart TokayevKim Jong IlLaura KellyLi PengMahathir MohamadMahmoud AhmadinejadMargaret ThatcherMateusz MorawieckiMin Aung HlaingMuhammad YunusNarendra ModiNayib BukeleNguyen Tan DungNguyen Xuan PhucNicolas MaduroP. W. BothaRafael CorreaRecep Tayyip ErdoğanRichard NixonRobert FicoRobert MugabeRodrigo DuterteRon DeSantisRonald ReaganSaadeddine OthmaniSalman bin Abdulaziz Al SaudSamia Suluhu HassanSani AbachaSaw MaungScott MorrisonShehbaz SharifSlobodan MilosevicTheodore ChristiansonTim WalzViktor OrbanVladimir LeninVladimir PutinWojciech JaruzelskiWoodrow WilsonXi JinpingYingluck Shinawatra

Court caseAnyWith a court case (3)Without a court case (187)

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