Search, national level

The number of entries reflects the depth of this record, not the severity of a country's conduct.

117 incidents match this view. Showing 17 on page 3 of 3.

Date	Incident	Country	Tactic	Head of government	Outcome
August 16, 1971	Nixon White House compiles an enemies list naming journalists for official pressure	United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)	Surveillance and subpoenas	Richard Nixon	Reversed (June 27, 1973)
June 15, 1971	United States government seeks an injunction to stop The New York Times publishing the Pentagon Papers	United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)	Prior restraint	Richard Nixon	Reversed (June 30, 1971)
1969	United States Supreme Court rules reporters have no privilege to refuse grand jury subpoenas	United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)	Surveillance and subpoenas	Richard Nixon	Upheld by a court (June 29, 1972)
August 21, 1968	Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia is followed by the return of government press press controls	Czechia (RSF 2026 rank: 11th of 180)	Prior restraint	Alexander Dubček	Reversed (November 1, 1989)
May 24, 1960	Egypt's Nasser government nationalizes every newspaper and magazine in the country	Egypt (RSF 2026 rank: 169th of 180)	Funding and ownership pressure	Gamal Abdel Nasser	Ongoing (January 1, 1989)
November 1955	United States Senate panel subpoenas dozens of New York Times journalists over Communist ties	United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)	Surveillance and subpoenas	Dwight D. Eisenhower	Sustained (December 1, 1956)
March 17, 1950	South Africa's Suppression of Communism Act lets the government ban publications and restrict individuals	South Africa (RSF 2026 rank: 21st of 180)	Prior restraint	Daniel François Malan	Reversed (February 2, 1990)
1948	Israel retains a British-era law giving the military the power to review and restrict the press	Israel (RSF 2026 rank: 116th of 180)	Prior restraint	David Ben-Gurion	Ongoing (January 1, 1989)
April 16, 1944	Australia's wartime government seizes a Sydney newspaper edition under press controls rules	Australia (RSF 2026 rank: 33rd of 180)	Prior restraint	John Curtin	Reversed (April 18, 1944)
December 19, 1941	United States creates an Office of Censorship and a wartime code for the press	United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)	Prior restraint	Franklin D. Roosevelt	Sustained (September 28, 1945)
1939	Brazil's Vargas government creates a state messaging department with broad press powers	Brazil (RSF 2026 rank: 52nd of 180)	Licensing and closure of outlets	Getúlio Vargas	Reversed (January 1, 1945)
April 1938	Franco's Spain requires state permission to be a journalist under a wartime Press Law	Spain (RSF 2026 rank: 29th of 180)	Credential control	Francisco Franco	Reversed (April 1, 1977)
October 4, 1933	Nazi Germany's Editors Law bars Jewish journalists from the press and puts editors under state direction	Germany (RSF 2026 rank: 14th of 180)	Credential control	Adolf Hitler	Reversed (May 8, 1945)
1933	Portugal's Salazar government formally establishes press press controls under a new constitution	Portugal (RSF 2026 rank: 10th of 180)	Prior restraint	António de Oliveira Salazar	Reversed (April 25, 1974)
1922	Soviet Russia creates Glavlit, a central office to review all printed material before publication	Russia (RSF 2026 rank: 172nd of 180)	Prior restraint	Vladimir Lenin	Ongoing (January 1, 1989)
July 1917	United States postmaster bars the magazine The Masses from the mail under the Espionage Act	United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)	Secrets and espionage laws	Woodrow Wilson	Upheld by a court (November 1, 1917)
1917	United States Postmaster General Burleson strips the Milwaukee Leader of its mailing rate	United States (RSF 2026 rank: 64th of 180)	Shutdowns and blocking	Woodrow Wilson	Upheld by a court (March 7, 1921)

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